CdIn2Se4@chitosan heterojunction nanocomposite with ultrahigh photocatalytic activity under sunlight driven photodegradation of organic pollutants.

This research focused on synthesizing a CdIn2Se4@Ch nanocomposite by doping CdIn2Se4 into chitosan using a photolysis assisted ultrasonic process. The aim was to enhance the photodegradation efficiency of ofloxacin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid under sunlight. The synthesized CdIn2Se4@Ch nanocomposite was investigated via different techniques, including XRD, XPS, FTIR, TEM, DSC, TGA, UV-Vis and PL. The study also investigated the influence of various reaction parameters, including the effects of inorganic and organic ions. The synthesized nanocomposite demonstrated exceptional efficiency, achieving 86 % and 95 % removal rates, with corresponding rate constants of 0.025 and 0.047 min-1. This performance surpasses that of CdIn2Se4 by approximately 1.35 and 2.25 times, respectively. The values of COD were decreased to 78 and 86 % for ofloxacin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic, while the TOC values decreased to 71 and 84 %, respectively, from their premier values. The improvement in performance is associated with the introduction of CdIn2Se4 into chitosan, resulting in the self-integration of Cd into the catalyst. This creates a localized accumulation point for electrons, enhancing the efficiency of charge separation and further reducing the surface charge of chitosan. Experimental evidence suggests that superoxide and hydroxyl radicals play a significant role in the photodegradation of pollutants. Additionally, the nanocomposite exhibits excellent stability and can be reused up to five times, indicating remarkable stability and reusability of the developed photocatalyst.

Improvement of the photoelectric dye sensitized solar cell performance using Fe/S-TiO2 nanoparticles as photoanode electrode.

A sulfur nanoparticles-incorporated iron-doped titanium oxide (Fe/TiO2) with different ratio was successfully synthesized by photolysis method and utilized as effective photoanode in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application with N719 dye. The photolysis method was contained the irradiation of the Fe, S and Ti mixture solution with 15 W source irradiation, and then calcined the formed precipitate. The DSSCs fabricated with Fe/S-TiO2 photoanode appeared an improved solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency of 6.46, which more than pure TiO2 (3.43) below full sunlight illumination (1.5 G). The impact of Fe content on the total efficiency was also inspected and the Fe content with 6% S-TiO2 was found 5 wt%. Due to the improved the efficiency of solar cell conversion of Fe/S-TiO2 nanocomposite, it should be deemed as a potential photoanode for DSSCs with high performance.

Experimental and theoretical study of improved mesoporous titanium dioxide perovskite solar cell: The impact of modification with graphene oxide.

The present study serves experimental and theoretical analyses in developing a hybrid advanced structure as a photolysis, which is based on electrospun Graphene Oxide-titanium dioxide (GO-TiO2) nanofibers as an electron transfer material (ETMs) functionalized for perovskite solar cell (PVSCs) with GO. The prepared ETMs were utilized for the synthesis of mixed-cation (FAPbI3)0.8(MAPbBr3)0.2. The effect of GO on TiO2 and their chemical structure, electronic and morphological characteristic were investigated and discussed. The elaborated device, namely ITO/Bl-TiO2/3 wt% GO-TiO2/(FAPbI3)0.8(MAPbBr3)0.2/spiro-MeTAD/Pt, displayed 20.14% disposition and conversion solar energy with fill factor (FF) of 1.176%, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 20.56 mA/cm2 and open circuit voltage (VOC) 0.912 V. The obtained efficiency is higher than titanium oxide (18.42%) and other prepared GO-TiO2 composite nanofibers based ETMs. The developed materials and device would facilitate elaboration of advanced functional materials and devices for energy storage applications.

A graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposite biosensor: synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical detection of bilirubin.

The level of free bilirubin is a considerable index for the characterization of jaundice-related diseases. Herein, a biosensor was fabricated via the immobilization of bilirubin oxidase (BOx) on graphene oxide (GO) and polyaniline (PANI) that were electrochemically co-precipitated on indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass. The structural enzyme electrode was characterized by FTIR, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy, while the spectral and thermal properties were investigated by UV-vis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Owing to the activity of the fabricated BOx/GO@PANI/ITO biosensor, it could detect free bilirubin with good selectivity and sensitivity in a low response time. The electrochemical response was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). At polarization potential 0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl, the fabricated sensor illustrated a response in only 2 s at 30 °C and pH 7.5. The LOD and LOQ for the BOx/GO@PANI/ITO biosensor were calculated and found to be 0.15 nM and 2.8 nM, respectively. The electrochemical signal showed a linear response in the concentration range 0.01-250 µM. At 5 °C, the biosensor demonstrated a half-time of 120 days, through which it could be utilized 100 times at this temperature conditions. By using a common colorimetric method, the data on bilirubin levels in serum showed a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.97.

Severe plastic deformation: Nanostructured materials, metal-based and polymer-based nanocomposites: A review.

Significant deformation of the metal structure can be achieved without breaking or cracking the metal. There are several methods for deformation of metal plastics. The most important of these methods are angular channel pressing process, high-pressure torsion, multidirectional forging process, extrusion-cyclic compression process, cumulative climbing connection process, consecutive concreting and smoothing method, high-pressure pipe torsion. The nanocomposite is a multiphase material which the size of one of its phases is less than 100 nm in at least one dimension. Due to some unique properties, metal-based nanocomposites are widely used in engineering applications such as the automotive and aerospace industries. Polymer-based nanocomposites are two-phase systems with polymer-based and reinforcing phases (usually ceramic). These materials have a simpler synthesis process than metal-based nanocomposites and are used in a variety of applications such as the aerospace industry, gas pipelines, and sensors. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is known to be the best method for producing bulk ultrafine grained and nanostructured materials with excellent properties. Different Severe plastic deformation methods were developed that are suitable for sheet and bulk solid materials. During the past decade, efforts have been made to create effective Severe plastic deformation processes suitable for producing cylindrical tubes. In this paper, we review Severe plastic deformation processes intended to nanostructured tubes, and their effects on material properties and severe plastic deformation is briefly introduced and its common methods for bulk materials, sheets, and pipes, as well as metal background nanocomposites, are concisely introduced and their microstructural and mechanical properties are discussed. The paper will focus on introduction of the tube Severe plastic deformation processes, and then comparison of them based on their advantages and disadvantages from the viewpoints of processing and properties.

Synthesis of Chitosan-TiO2 Nanocomposite for Efficient Cr(VI) Removal from Contaminated Wastewater Sorption Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Mechanism.

A photolysis method was used to prepare a nanocomposite adsorbent (Chitosan-TiO2) and was tested for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution. The produce nanocomposite was investigated using, XRD, BET, FTIR, FESEM-EDX and TEM before and after Cr(VI) adsorption. The XRD results shows prepared anatase phase of TiO2 with 12 nm. According to BET measurements, the surface area of the TiO2/chitosan nanocomposite was lower and archived to 26 m2/g, while the TEM and FESEM images show a uniform distribution of TiO2 throughout the chitosan matrix. Adsorption and kinetic experiments were run in batch system under different conditions of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature. Experimental Cr(VI) adsorption equilibrium and kinetics data fitted well to Langmuir model. The calculated Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) value of nanocomposite was 488 mg/g. Moreover, the highest quantity of Cr(VI) uptake was achieved of pH = 2 and 45℃ and TiO2 and CS-TiO2 had respective removal efficiencies of 94 and 87.5%. The thermodynamic parameters of Cr(VI) adsorption by nanocomposite affirm the spontaneous and endothermic nature of process. Chromium adsorption mechanism by CS-TiO2 nanocomposite were proposed and discussed.

In situ Polymerization of Polyaniline/Samarium Oxide - Anatase Titanium Dioxide (PANI/Sm2O3-TiO2) Nanocomposite: Structure, Thermal and Dielectric Constant Supercapacitor Application Study.

Pure and varying weigh ratio of Sm2O3-TiO2 modified polyaniline nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized using in situ polymerization of aniline solution with Sm2O3-TiO2 binary oxide. The nanocomposite have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-photoelectron microscopy (XPS), Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and LCR meter. The XRD results show synthesis anatase TiO2 phase with tetragonal structure and (monoclinic and cubic) mixture structure of Sm2O3. The FE-SEM and TEM measurements appear preparing spherical nanoparticles that covered fiber morphology of polyaniline and successfully in situ polymerization process. The TGA measurements are obtain high thermal stability for polyaniline after incorporation by Sm2O3-TiO2 binary oxide nanoparticles. LCR measurement is obtained that the DC conductivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss of nanocomposite is larger than pure polyaniline and the electric properties increase with increasing the concentration of nanoparticles.